[DOWNLOAD] "Application and Evaluation of Extended Release Technology to Loop Diuretics" by Ehab Hamed # Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Application and Evaluation of Extended Release Technology to Loop Diuretics
- Author : Ehab Hamed
- Release Date : January 19, 2013
- Genre: Medical,Books,Professional & Technical,Science & Nature,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 16676 KB
Description
Loop diuretics offer great advantages in treating edematous states associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis and kidney failure owing to their intense diuretic effect. Evidences suggested the diuretic effect can be exaggerated by careful control of the rate at which loop diuretics are made available to the urinary tubules. If optimally designed, peroral extended release formulation can provide better utilization of the same total dose of loop diuretic, an effect of utmost importance in edematous patients with high resistance to loop diuretics. Bumetanide multiparticulate immediate and extended release formulations were developed and tested in rabbits. A novel multiple response optimization technique based on superimposing contour diagrams was developed and successfully used to optimize bumetanide release. Instability in drug release from multiparticulate formulations after storage warrants in depth investigation of different formulation and processing factors controlling drug release. Curing time, temperature, plasticizer level, coating polymer lipophilicity, and the use of hydrophilic seal coat were explored in this study. The findings proved instability in bumetanide release is attributed to drug migration into the film coat during storage. Careful selection of plasticizer level and curing conditions together with the use of hydrophilic seal coat prevented drug migration and stabilized drug release after storage. When compared to immediate release formulation in rabbits, equivalent amounts of bumetanide were excreted from both formulations yet at different rates. The slow delivery of bumetanide from the extended release formulation improved its diuretic and natriuretic efficiencies within the first day after dosing. The activation of compensatory mechanisms is thought to diminish the response to extended release bumetanide formulation within the second day. While providing comparable diuretic and saliuretic effects to that of immediate release formulation, extended release bumetanide formulation can offer the advantage of avoiding the initial, unpleasant and intense diuretic effect experienced with immediate release formulations.